Bio Cultures Explained — What They Are, How They Work, and When to Take Them

What Are Bio Cultures?

The term bio cultures is often used interchangeably with the word probiotics, but there’s a difference. 

When the term “bio cultures” is used in the context of health and digestion, it typically refers to live micro-organisms eaten in foods or supplements, including beneficial bacteria and some yeasts. Bio cultures is a broad umbrella definition that includes all the organisms traditionally used to make cheese, yoghurt, wine and vinegar, and other fermented foods - and there’s plenty of evidence that lots of them are actively beneficial to human digestion and to our health more broadly. 

The term “probiotic” has a stricter definition under UK regulations. Calling something a probiotic on a supplement label is considered to be claiming a health benefit, as explained in the guidance Nutrition and health claims: guidance to compliance with Regulation (EC) 1924/2006 on the UK government website. 

There’s a plan for the UK to start building up a list of approved probiotic cultures, but so far that list contains nothing! This is why it’s not currently legal to sell a bio cultures supplement in the UK or EU with the word “probiotic” on the label. 

Probiotics in supplements - such as VitaBright Bio Cultures Complex - are intended to survive transit through the gut and to have health benefits. By supporting digestion and interacting with the immune system, these live cultures are believed to support our body’s normal functions in countless ways. 

The difference between probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics

It is helpful to clarify terminology, because often in popular culture the words are used loosely and interchangeably, even though scientifically they refer to different functions:

• Probiotics: These are live micro-organisms (commonly bacterial strains in the genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, others, or particular yeasts) that are intended to deliver a health benefit.

• Prebiotics: These are substances that human enzymes cannot digest, but various bacteria can. Eating them therefore helps these bacteria grow and remain active. Lots of useful foods for humans are only digestible because of the help of these bacteria. 

• Synbiotics: These combine probiotics and prebiotics in a single traditional food like live yoghurt, or a supplement formulation which would commonly include inulin or other fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS). The idea is that the live micro-organism is supported by a substance that feeds it, boosting its survival or activity rate.

In many product descriptions, you’ll find “bio cultures” used loosely to mean live friendly bacteria, but strictly speaking one should be clear whether one means a specific probiotic strain (with evidence) or simply “live cultures” in fermented foods, which may or may not have robust human-outcome evidence.

Why gut flora balance matters for general health

Your digestive system is home to a huge community of micro-organisms known as the gut microbiota. These friendly microbes help break down food, produce useful compounds like short-chain fatty acids and vitamin K, strengthen the gut lining, and keep your immune system in balance. They also send signals that can influence many body processes, including mood and metabolism. When this internal ecosystem is diverse and stable, everything tends to run smoothly.

If that balance is disrupted - a state known as dysbiosis - problems can start to appear. Research links an unbalanced gut to issues such as bloating, irregular bowel habits, diarrhoea or constipation, and increased inflammation. Some studies also suggest possible knock-on effects on metabolism, mood and skin health.

For example, review work on the “gut-skin” or “gut-brain” axes highlights how microbial changes in the gut might influence skin inflammation or psychological state. Frontiers in Nutrition Editorial: The gut-skin-brain axis in human health and disease by Ferraretto et al

A balanced microbial ecosystem therefore supports health by facilitating digestion, supporting immune-system regulation, maintaining gut barrier integrity and reducing low-grade inflammation. 

Probiotics Benefits You've Read About - Are They Proven?

The claims for the benefits of probiotics taken as oral supplements are many and varied. Here, we take a look at what you can find online vs. what’s in the medical literature. We use a traffic light system for these probiotics benefits to indicate whether the claims are well proven, not fully proven yet, or still at the theory stage. 

🟢 Well-supported by good human evidence

🟠 Promising but mixed or strain-specific

🔴 Preliminary or largely unproven

Digestive Health

🟢 Support digestive comfort and regular bowel movements (especially in IBS or antibiotic recovery)

🟢 Help restore gut balance after antibiotic use

🟢 Prevent or shorten antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Saccharomyces boulardii)

🟠 Ease symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (benefits vary by strain)

🟠 Support lactose digestion and tolerance to dairy (Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Streptococcus thermophilus in yoghurt)

🟠 Help with constipation or diarrhoea-predominant bowel patterns (results mixed across studies)

Immune System

🟠 Support normal immune response and reduce infection duration (some benefit for colds and respiratory illness)

🟠 Reduce antibiotic-related gut inflammation or immune disturbance

🔴 “Strengthen immunity” in general — too broad to substantiate reliably

Gut Barrier & Microbiome Balance

🟠 Help restore microbial diversity after antibiotics or illness

🟠 Support gut-barrier integrity (“leaky gut”) — promising but not confirmed in healthy adults

🔴 Reduce colonisation by harmful bacteria — seen mainly in specific hospital or infant studies

Skin Health

🟠 Reduce eczema risk in infants when taken during pregnancy or early life (certain Lactobacillus strains)

🔴 Improve acne, psoriasis or rosacea — mostly preliminary or small-scale data

🔴 General “clearer skin” or “beauty from within” claims lack robust human trials

Mood & Brain Function

🟠 May modestly reduce anxiety or stress in some people (“psychobiotic” strains such as Lactobacillus helveticus R0052)

🔴 Help with depression or brain fog — still experimental, not generalisable

Energy & Metabolism

🔴 Improve energy or fatigue — very limited evidence

🟠 Support blood-lipid or glucose balance — modest effects in some metabolic-syndrome studies

🔴 Aid weight management — inconsistent, strain-specific findings

Women’s & Urogenital Health

🟢 Support vaginal microflora balance and help prevent bacterial vaginosis (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1, L. reuteri RC-14)

🟠 Reduce recurrence of urinary-tract infections (mixed results)

🔴 Improve fertility or hormonal balance — little solid evidence

Allergy & Inflammation

🟠 Reduce risk or severity of atopic dermatitis in infants (certain strains)

🔴 Help seasonal allergies or asthma — weak and inconsistent data

Oral Health

🟠 Support gum health and reduce plaque bacteria (some Lactobacillus and Streptococcus salivarius strains)

🔴 Freshen breath — early studies only

Nutrition and Digestion

🟢 Help nutrient absorption and the synthesis or vitamin K, Biotin and other B-vitamins (mechanistically sound)

🟠 Contribute to general gut comfort and resilience — commonly reported, not easily measured in trials

Summary

🟢 Best-proven uses: antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, certain vaginal-health benefits, and modest support for IBS or lactose digestion.

🟠 Emerging or dependent on specific strains: immune modulation, skin, and mood effects.

🔴 Largely unproven: weight loss, “energy boost”, beauty or detox claims.

Analysis of the evidence behind VitaBright Bio Cultures Complex

Before buying a probiotic supplement, it's a good idea to confirm that it contains a good number of green and amber bacteria from this list, and isn't dominated by the red ones! Below we give you a breakdown of VitaBright's multi strain bio cultures complex, selected to include a good mix of green and amber offering a very broad range of benefits. 

Our formula includes many of the top evidence-backed probiotics — especially L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, L. reuteri, B. lactis, B. longum and B. coagulans — which have the most consistent clinical support for digestive health, immune balance and overall gut comfort.

Here's the breakdown:

Lactobacillus acidophilus

🟢 Supports lactose digestion and tolerance 🟠 May relieve mild IBS symptoms and bloating (strain-dependent, e.g. NCFM) 🟠 Helps maintain gut flora after antibiotics

Lactobacillus rhamnosus

🟢 L. rhamnosus GG prevents antibiotic-associated and traveller’s diarrhoea 🟢 Supports immune balance and gut recovery post-antibiotics 🟠 May reduce risk of eczema in children when taken early in life

Bifidobacterium breve

🟠 May improve stool consistency and digestive comfort in infants and adults 🟠 Some evidence for easing IBS and allergic symptoms 

Lactobacillus casei

🟠 Helps reduce diarrhoea duration and supports immune response in children 🟠 May improve digestion and gut comfort in adults 🔴 Evidence varies by strain (e.g. L. casei Shirota or DN-114001)

Bifidobacterium longum

🟢 Helps maintain bowel regularity and improve stool quality 🟠 May reduce mild IBS symptoms such as bloating 🟠 Contributes to gut-barrier support and immune modulation

Lactococcus lactis

🟠 Supports gut-barrier integrity and may reduce inflammation in IBS models 

Bifidobacterium lactis 

🟢 Proven to improve stool frequency and consistency in mild constipation 🟢 Helps maintain gut flora balance during antibiotic use 🟠 Supports immune response (strain-dependent: BB-12, HN019)

Lactobacillus brevis

🟠 May support oral and gut health; reduces gingival inflammation in some studies 

Lactobacillus plantarum

🟢 L. plantarum 299v improves IBS symptoms (bloating, discomfort) 🟠 May enhance iron absorption and reduce gut inflammation 🟠 Supports gut-barrier strength

Lactobacillus reuteri

🟢 L. reuteri DSM 17938 reduces infant colic symptoms and AAD in children 🟢 Supports gut comfort and microbiome balance 🟠 May reduce gum inflammation and oral pathogens

Lactobacillus helveticus

🟠 May help reduce anxiety or stress when combined with Bifidobacterium longum (e.g. strain R0052) 

Lactobacillus bulgaricus

🟢 Traditional yoghurt starter strain; aids lactose digestion 🟠 Contributes to gut comfort via yoghurt fermentation 

Bifidobacterium bifidum

🟢 Supports healthy gut flora and barrier integrity 🟠 May shorten infectious diarrhoea duration 🟠 Some evidence for reducing IBS and allergic symptoms 

Lactobacillus salivarius

🟠 May reduce oral pathogens and support gum health 🟠 Some benefit for digestive comfort and immune balance

Lactobacillus gasseri

🟠 May help maintain vaginal microflora and reduce BV recurrence 🟠 Some early research on fat metabolism and weight control (inconsistent)

Bacillus coagulans (spore-forming probiotic)

🟢 Survives stomach acid and supports digestion, especially in IBS 🟢 Reduces bloating and abdominal discomfort in mild IBS cases 🟠 May improve immune markers and nutrient absorption

Streptococcus thermophilus

🟢 Yoghurt starter culture that supports lactose digestion 🟠 Contributes to gut comfort and mild immune benefits 

Prebiotic Inulin (prebiotic fibre)

🟢 Supports growth of beneficial Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species 🟢 Improves stool regularity and mild constipation 🟠 May support appetite control and gut-barrier integrity (inconsistent results)

Summary: evidence by colour

A Closer Look at Some Specific Probiotics Benefits

Within the category of bio cultures, probiotics refer to specific strains of live micro-organisms that have been tested for health outcomes. Let’s examine three major domains of claimed effect: 

• The gut–brain axis and digestive benefits of probiotics

• Immune system regulation and controlling inflammation

• Support for energy, mood and skin health

The gut–brain axis and digestive benefits of probiotics

Doctors working on mental health hospital wards have long noticed the high proportion of their patients who suffer from bowel conditions as well, ranging from IBS to more serious issues. Research is beginning to confirm there is a connection, and seeking to understand why this may be so. 

The so-called gut–brain axis is the bidirectional communication network linking the gut (and its microbiota) with the central nervous system via neural (e.g., the vagus nerve), immune and endocrine pathways. 

Emerging research suggests that probiotics may influence this axis in modest ways. 

• Some probiotic strains have been shown in experimental settings to modulate neurotransmitter expression or stress-hormone responses. The gut-brain axis: interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems, carabotti et al

• In humans the evidence remains modest: one recent review noted that while some probiotic blends appeared to reduce negative mood descriptors in small trials, the effects were small and there was no robust effect on standard psychiatric symptom scales. Gut Microbes and the Brain: Paradigm Shift in Neuroscience, Mayer et al

On the digestive side, there is stronger—but still condition-specific—evidence that probiotics can help when the gut microbial balance is disturbed. Supplementation with certain strains may reduce the risk or duration of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, or help with mild irritable-bowel-syndrome symptoms. Crucially though, major bodies emphasise that many health-claims remain unproven, especially in people who are otherwise healthy. 

Immune system regulation and controlling inflammation

Most people believe that probiotics benefit the immune system. Whilst this is often quoted and very widely believed, it’s not definitively proven. For instance, the official US body National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) public information page Probiotics: Usefulness and Safety notes that:

‘Probiotics have shown promise for a variety of health purposes, including prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (including diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile), prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis in premature infants, treatment of infant colic, treatment of periodontal disease, and induction or maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis.

However, in most instances, we still don’t know which probiotics are helpful and which are not. We also don’t know how much of the probiotic people would have to take or who would be most likely to benefit. Even for the conditions that have been studied the most, researchers are still working toward finding the answers to these questions.’

How do probiotics work on the immune system? What researchers believe is that the gut microbiota plays a key role in “educating” the immune system in which micro-organisms are friend and what are foe. We also believe it modulates the immune system, in other words keeps it in balance, helps it calm back down after an infection has been beaten, and helps keep it directed against genuine pathogens rather than allergies or autoimmune attacks. Probiotic micro-organisms seem to do this by influencing immune-cell populations, such as regulatory T-cells and natural-killer cells. They are also thought to enhance mucosal barrier integrity - in other words, prevent leaky gut - which stops pro-inflammatory microbes and partially digested food metabolites from leaving the gut and entering the blood stream. 

Support for energy, mood and skin health

Beyond digestion and immunity, popular discourse often links probiotics to increased energy, improved mood and clearer skin. The scientific reality is more nuanced.

Regarding skin health, there is a growing body of literature on the so-called “gut–skin axis” (i.e., how gut microbes may impact skin via immune and metabolic pathways). 

• For example, a recent review outlined how dysbiosis in the gut may contribute to skin-inflammation conditions such as acne, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Unraveling the Gut–Skin Axis: The Role of Microbiota in Skin Health and Disease, Munteanu et al

• Some probiotic interventions have shown modest improvements in skin outcomes, but the evidence is still emerging and strain-specific. Researchers are still trying to unravel the ways probiotics might be used to help treat certain specific skin conditions, as summaries in a 2023 paper The Role of Probiotics in Skin Health and Related Gut–Skin Axis: A Review by GAO at al. 

Regarding mood and energy, as above, we know that gut dysbiosis can have a negative impact on mood and psychological well-being. We don’t know the details, though, in terms of which bacteria do what to our mental health, and we certainly don’t know how to use them to treat mood disorders or mental illness. The gut-brain axis is real, but it is not yet a lever we can reliably pull at will. 

The Best Proven Probiotic Bacteria and Their Benefits

🟢 1. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) - Most studied probiotic strain worldwide

• Reduces the risk and duration of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD) in adults and children.

• Helps prevent infectious diarrhoea, especially from Rotavirus in children.

• May support gut recovery after antibiotics by restoring microbial balance.

• Some evidence for reducing symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and improving gut comfort.

🟢 2. Saccharomyces boulardii (a beneficial yeast, not a bacterium) - One of the few probiotics consistently effective in clinical use

• Prevents and treats antibiotic-associated and traveller’s diarrhoea.

• Reduces risk of Clostridioides difficile–related diarrhoea recurrence when used with antibiotics.

• May improve acute infectious diarrhoea recovery in children and adults.

• Has mild anti-inflammatory and anti-pathogen effects in the gut.

🟢 3. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938

• Shown to reduce infant colic symptoms (crying time and discomfort).

• Some benefit in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children.

• Contributes to overall gut comfort and lactose tolerance.

🟢 4. Lactobacillus casei DN-114001 - found in some yoghurt drinks

• Helps reduce respiratory infection duration and gastrointestinal infection frequency in children and older adults.

• Supports digestive comfort and bowel regularity.

🟢 5. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12

• Promotes regular bowel movements and helps relieve mild constipation.

• Enhances gut-barrier integrity and supports immune balance.

• Helps maintain gut flora stability during antibiotic use.

🟢 6. Bifidobacterium lactis HN019

• Improves transit time and stool regularity in adults with mild constipation.

• May support immune response and reduce gut inflammation markers.

🟢 7. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 + Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 for vaginal health

• Restore and maintain healthy vaginal flora, reducing episodes of bacterial vaginosis (BV).

• Lower recurrence risk of urinary-tract infections (UTIs) when used alongside standard care.

• Widely studied in women’s health, with strong reproducible results.

🟢 8. Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM

• Helps reduce abdominal discomfort and bloating in mild IBS.

• Supports lactose digestion and intestinal barrier health.

• Commonly combined with Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07 for synergistic effects.

🟢 9. Bifidobacterium infantis 35624

• Shown to reduce abdominal pain, bloating, and bowel irregularity in IBS.

• Supports balanced immune activity and reduces low-grade gut inflammation.

🟢 10. Lactobacillus plantarum 299v

• Improves abdominal comfort and bloating in IBS and general digestive sensitivity.

• Enhances iron absorption when taken with iron supplements.

• Supports gut-barrier integrity and reduces minor inflammation.

Summary Table

Summary

There are plausible mechanistic links from live cultures to digestion, immunity, skin and even mood. For the average healthy person, however, the benefits are not definitively proven. If your gut microflora is already healthy and balanced, taking more in the form of supplements will not achieve additional benefits. The benefits of probiotics seem to be highly dependent on strain, dose, context and your baseline health.

The best proven probiotic strains — Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Saccharomyces boulardii, Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 with L. reuteri RC-14 — have reproducible, clinically significant effects in human trials. Most other strains show promise but require more evidence or have only modest, strain-specific effects. 

When Should You Take Bio Cultures?

If you decide to use live-culture probiotic supplements, here are key considerations based on current evidence.

Best time of day to take probiotics 

Getting probiotics safely through the stomach is tricky. Strong stomach acid, bile and digestive enzymes can kill many of the live bacteria before they reach the gut, where they’re meant to work. That’s why most experts suggest taking probiotic supplements just before a meal or with the first few bites of food. The food helps to buffer stomach acid and improves the chances that more of the bacteria will survive the journey.

Timing also affects how long the bacteria stay in the digestive tract and what conditions they face. Taking a probiotic right before a heavy, high-fat meal can expose it to more bile, which may reduce survival, while a lighter meal can be gentler. Food also slows the movement of the stomach, giving the bacteria more time to reach safer parts of the gut.

Some probiotic capsules are designed to release their contents slowly or only once they reach certain areas of the intestines, so it’s best to follow the manufacturer’s advice on when to take them. Although these guidelines make sense, there still isn’t much solid research comparing different timings, so it’s worth sticking with what your product recommends.

The importance of consistency

Taking a probiotic supplement typically helps to build up levels of the organisms in that supplement, but after stopping, their levels seem to fall again and things go back to how they were. This means that consistently taking probiotics over the long term is necessary to experience sustained benefits. 

Summary

Choose a trusted product, take it with or just before a meal, ensure daily or regular use, and store and handle it as indicated (since live cultures degrade with heat, moisture or ageing).

Why Do Cardiologists Warn Against Probiotics?

The simple answer is that cardiologists don’t warn against probiotics, except in patients who are also taking immuno-suppressant drugs. 

Are probiotics safe for everyone?

We all know you can have too much of a good thing, and this includes probiotic organisms if a weak immune system allows them to spread outside the gut. In the UK, the NHS issues a mild warning about the risks of probiotics in specific medical conditions. The NHS advice on probiotics in immuno-compromised patients says: ‘If you have an existing health condition or a weakened immune system, you should talk to a doctor before taking any probiotic supplements.’ The NCCIH in the USA issues very similar advice, saying “the risk of harmful effects from probiotics is greater in people who are seriously ill or have compromised immune systems.”

In cardiology settings, patients who have been given a heart transplant or other organic transplant will be prescribed immunosuppressant drugs. In patients on immuno-suppressants, there have been a few rare instances of infection from probiotic organisms. Therefore cardiologists may warn against unsupervised use of high-dose or off-label probiotic supplementation in these patients.

High quality manufacturing matters for everyone

Quality really does matter when it comes to probiotics. Unlike medicines, supplements aren’t always tightly regulated, so the quality can vary a lot between brands. Some products may not contain the exact strains listed on the label, or the bacteria might not stay alive until the expiry date.

To stay on the safe side, choose a brand that follows good manufacturing practice (GMP), has independent third-party testing, and provides clear storage instructions. Check whether it needs refrigeration and make sure you follow the dosage and handling advice on the label. Picking a reputable, well-tested product is the best way to make sure you’re actually getting what you pay for, and the organisms listed on the label.

Summary

Probiotics are safe for most people, but not for patients with weakened or medically suppressed immune systems. For the average healthy adult, probiotics are safe, provided they are of good quality and used according to the instructions.

Is Greek Yogurt a Probiotic?

Yogurt, particularly Greek yoghurt, is frequently cited as a probiotic food. But the reality is more nuanced.

What’s the difference between natural vs. fortified probiotics?

Some yoghurts, including Greek yoghurt, are made with live bacteria such as Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, which have been used in fermentation for centuries. These friendly bacteria can make yoghurt easier to digest by breaking down some of the lactose and may give a small boost to gut health. But not every fermented dairy product counts as a true probiotic. To be called a probiotic, the exact strain must have been tested in human studies and shown to provide a real health benefit. In Europe, this level of evidence is required before a company can make probiotic claims. 

Different strengths, different organisms: Yogurt vs. supplements

When you compare yoghurt, even Greek yoghurt, with a probiotic supplement, the main differences are strength and variety. A pot of yoghurt usually contains a modest number of live bacteria and only a few types, mostly the starter cultures used in fermentation. A supplement, on the other hand, can deliver a much higher dose and a wider range of carefully selected strains, often protected in capsules that help them survive stomach acid.

That said, a big number on the label doesn’t automatically mean better results. What really matters is the specific strain and whether it has been shown to help in human studies. Experts, including the British Dietetic Association, note that supplements may offer little extra benefit for healthy people.

Yoghurt cultures mainly support digestion and gut comfort through fermentation and gentle effects on the gut lining, while also providing valuable nutrients like protein and calcium. Probiotic capsules are designed for targeted results, such as restoring balance after antibiotics or supporting research-tested uses like IBS. Both have their place: yoghurt is a simple, safe everyday food source of live cultures, and supplements can be useful when there’s good evidence for a particular strain and purpose.

Summary

Yes, Greek yogurt can be part of a probiotic-friendly diet, but don’t assume it delivers the same strain diversity, potency or evidence base as a dedicated probiotic supplement.

Conclusion

Live “bio cultures” can offer genuine, research-backed benefits for gut health and beyond. Certain well-studied strains have been shown to help restore healthy digestion after antibiotics, prevent or shorten bouts of diarrhoea, improve bowel regularity and ease mild IBS symptoms. Others, such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii, are proven to support immune balance, while specific combinations like Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and L. reuteri RC-14 help maintain vaginal and urinary-tract health.

For most people, probiotics are a safe and practical way to give the gut a helping hand—especially during times of stress, travel or medication use that can disrupt the microbiome. Fermented foods such as yoghurt and kefir provide a natural source of friendly bacteria, while targeted supplements can deliver higher doses and clinically tested strains when needed. Choosing a reputable, evidence-based product and taking it consistently can make a real difference to digestive comfort, immune resilience and everyday wellbeing.

VitaBright’s Bio Cultures Complex brings together 17 of the most researched and clinically supported probiotic strains, chosen for their proven effectiveness in human studies. These include leading strains such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus plantarum, all recognised for their roles in digestive balance, immune health, and gut comfort. Every strain in the formula has been selected based on scientific evidence of safety, stability and efficacy, ensuring a broad, synergistic blend that supports digestion, immunity, and overall wellbeing. By combining 17 of the best-proven live cultures in one daily supplement, VitaBright offers comprehensive microbiome support backed by solid clinical research.

Sources and References

Nutrition and health claims: guidance to compliance with Regulation (EC) 1924/2006 

Frontiers in Nutrition Editorial: The gut-skin-brain axis in human health and disease by Ferraretto et al

The British Dietetic Association (BDA): Probiotics and gut health

Gut Microbes and the Brain: Paradigm Shift in Neuroscience, Mayer et al

The gut-brain axis: interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems, carabotti et al

Unraveling the Gut–Skin Axis: The Role of Microbiota in Skin Health and Disease, Munteanu et al

The Role of Probiotics in Skin Health and Related Gut–Skin Axis: A Review by GAO at al.